Read Congress Buys a Navy Politics Economics and the Rise of American Naval Power 1881-1921 Free
Author : Paul E. Pedisich
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
Total Pages : 304
The author presents an economic history of the development of the new steel Navy from 1881 to 1921. The narrative begins with James Garfield’s appointment of William Hunt as Secretary of the Navy and the formation of the Forty-seventh Congress in March 1881. The chapters highlight the congressional actions that resulted in annual appropriations creating the large Navy fleet that entered into the First World War. Congress guided the political and economic process that at great expense dictated a naval order of battle of capital ships that was afterwards reduced by the Washington Naval Treaty of 1921. Within the real-time of contemporary national and world events, this work presents the dynamics acting on the Presidents and their Navy secretaries concurrent with congressional actions building the fleet. The many annual resolutions found in the Senate and House Journals uncover the range of legislative interests every session. The follow-on debates contained in the Congressional Record and the resultant annual appropriation acts show how the legislature argued and ultimately dictated the naval force level. While the main acts in U.S. political history often privilege the actions of the President and his cabinet, the author brings to light the congressional proposals, individual rationales, voting blocs, agenda, votes cast, and outcomes. A close examination of the records contained in The Center for Legislative Archives brings to the forefront the full placement of congressional accountability, underlining the total raison d’être of Navy appropriation legislation. Additionally, an examination of the wide spectrum of the contemporary press confirms that contiguous legislatures did in fact dominate naval vitalization. The influence of the presidents and their cabinets proved to be inconsistent while members of congress arbitrated among themselves to form their annual rulings. Although Navy officers prepared extensive annual recommendations for fleet composition and increases, they were not principle decision makers. The narrative consists of a chronological economic history illuminating the character and agenda of nine presidencies, sixteen Navy secretaries, and the many congressmen who influenced building a Navy while attending to both their own substantial and unsubstantial presses of the day. Northerners controlled the maritime industry. Southerners sought the benefits of expanding Navy bases. Westerners clamored for protection from Japan. By its annual Navy appropriation acts, the legislature initially focused on coastal defense and then gradually developed a Navy capable of offensive guerre d’escadre (battles between fleets) equal to the best in the world.
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